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December 2023

12.2.2023

Recent publications have been reporting on a now dried-up branch of the Nile River. Below is my response to these newly published findings.

Many years ago, I developed a theory of how the Great Pyramid of Khufu could have been built and how I believe it was built. My theory is that water built the Great Pyramid.

In recent years, research and discoveries pertaining to the pyramids have focused on a dried-out branch of the Nile and waterways around the Giza Plateau.  I have been discussing the role of water in pyramid construction and waterways around the Giza Plateau for a very long time.  My theory emphasizes the crucial role of water in transporting materials and constructing the pyramids.  Water was essential in constructing the pyramids, and this fact cannot be stressed enough….water, water, water!  These latest discoveries provide evidence that supports my theory's validity and will help prove that it is indeed correct. 

The present Nile River is located 6 miles away from the Great Pyramid base, and Aswan is 560 miles from the base of the Great Pyramid. For many years, people have questioned how water and granite from Aswan were transported to the base of the Great Pyramid.  In his papyrus, 4,500 years ago, Inspector Merer documented the transportation and delivery details of white limestone (casing stones) from Tura North and Tura South (located on the Eastern shore of the Nile) to the construction site of the Khufu Pyramid.  In his notes, Inspector Merer documents several details, including the length of each journey.  

Since 1986, when I copyrighted my theory, I have known that there must have been a branch of the Nile that flowed next to the Giza Plateau.  After conducting further research, I named it the Western Branch of the Nile. My assertion was confirmed by Dr. Mark Lehner when he analyzed the AMBRIC and AERA borehole core findings, which showed silt and clay 2-5 meters above sea level.  This discovery identified and confirmed that the location of the bottom of the Nile’s old channel was in the old Libeini Canal. This silt, which originated in the Sudanese and Ethiopian mountains, could only have been delivered to this location by one possible source, the Nile River.  I may have known of its existence, but Dr Mark Lehner deserves credit for locating the Western Branch of the Nile. 

In August of 2022, the National Academy of Science published an article titled “Nile waterscapes Facilitated the Construction of Giza Pyramids During the 3rd Millennium BCE.” The article was based on research led by geographer Hader Sheisha, who attempted to reconstruct the appearance of the Nile River in ancient Egypt. These findings confirm the theory I theorized and what Dr. Lehner later discovered.

Two years prior to the publication of the NAS article, I sent approximately 600 emails to inform academics and every person listed in the Directory of North American Egyptologists of my theory. In these emails, I introduced my theory and Project 3 of my website (Water Transportation During Khufu Time), which focused on the water transportation system used during Khufu’s time. According to my theory, the Western Branch of the Nile, located adjacent to the Giza Plateau, was the water source for a system of waterways built and used by the Egyptians to transport building materials and supplies within the Giza Plateau.

"Why the Western Branch?" Because the main Nile River is located several miles to the East.

Lately, new teams of researchers have discovered the same branch I identified as the Western Branch of the Nile (previously discovered) and have given it new, more sophisticated names. I suspect we will continue to see “new” discoveries of this same branch as people turn their attention to what I have long believed to be the case….water played a key role in pyramid construction. 

I’m happy to see that researchers are researching my website, too.

In Project 3 of this website, titled “Water Transportation at Giza During Khufu Time,” I proposed that the ancient Egyptians constructed a Dam in the Khufu Basin. I believe this Dam is Ro-She Khufu. Ro-She means mouth or entrance to the water pool.  4,500 years ago, Inspector Merer described Ro-She Khufu on a papyrus uncovered by Professor Pierre Tallet in Wadi el-Jarf in 2013.  I strongly suggest that scientists, researchers, or archaeologists excavate between two mounds, Nazlet el-Sisi and Nazlet el-Batran, in their search for Ro-She Khufu. An illustration from Project 3 could direct where to dig.

In Project 3, I expressed my belief that in ancient Egypt, EVERY SINGLE pyramid (not 38) was constructed near a lake or water basin with a harbor. Furthermore, each pyramid had a causeway that led down from the pyramid to the temple in the harbor. I renamed that temple at the harbor from Valley Temple to HARBOR Temple.  I suggest excavating next to each HARBOR Temple to find traces of these harbors.   Searching near the harbors will aid in discovering storage locations where Inspector Merer unloaded casing limestone from his boats. 

In Project 3, I theorized that storage was next to the Sphinx (already carved by Khufu) and the present site of the Khafre HARBOR Temple. From that location, limestone and granite were transported by canal and sluices to the base of the Khufu Pyramid.

I anticipate that the next stage of discovery will be uncovering the storage location.

February 2023

Circumstantial Evidence Page Added:

New, compelling, circumstantial (not physical) evidence that the Great Pyramid was built using water, per my theory.  In the circumstantial Evidence page, I address the water erosion of the Sphinx enclosure walls.  I detail how my theory that the Great Pyramid was built using water explains why there are deep vertical grooves on the Great Sphinx enclosure walls.

January 2023

Demonstrations Page Added:

As an engineer, my role in this project was to build a theory, create proof of concept, and demonstrate in the real world that my theory is viable through the experiments described below.  This page explains 3 demonstrations conducted to illustrate my theory:

1) Transportation of the stones on the barges in the canals.

2) Lifting water to the top of the pyramid by shadufs.

3) Lifting stones to the top of the pyramid by sluices.

September 2022

In 2020, two years before the publication of the NAS article, I sent approximately 600 emails to inform academics and every person in the Directory of North American Egyptologists of my theory that the Great Pyramid could be built using water, claiming that the Western Branch of the Nile, adjacent to the Giza Plateau was the source of water for a system of waterways built and used by the Egyptians to transport building materials within in the Giza Plateau.

The National Academy of Sciences recently published an article - Nile waterscapes facilitated the construction of the Giza pyramids during the 3rd millennium BCE.

This publication and my theory assert that Egyptians used water to transport materials to build the Great Pyramid. Both reference Inspector Merer's 4,500-year-old papyri (discovered by Prof. Tallet in 2013), on which Merer wrote that boats delivered stones for the Khufu pyramid.

My theory goes one step further than the NAS publication. My theory states that Egyptians used water from the Western Branch of the Nile to create a dam and a system of waterways in the Khufu Basin, which allowed them to bring stones to the future Khafre Harbor Temple and close to the Khufu Pyramid. I believe Ro-She Khufu, which Inspector Merer described in his papyri, is the dam I describe in my theory.

In the first few weeks of September, several high-profile news outlets carried the story about the article published in the NAS. The initial publication and the subsequent articles all support my theory.

CNN - A now-dry branch of the Nile helped build Egypt’s pyramids, new study says

NYT - A Long-Lost Branch of the Nile Helped in Building Egypt’s Pyramids

Popular Mechanics - An Ancient Branch of the Nile Holds Clues About Great Pyramid Construction

The Jerusalem Post - How did ancient Egyptians build the pyramids if ancient Israelites didn't?

The Times of Isreal - Study: Giza pyramids were built with help of a now dried-up arm of the Nile

***Please note - Since 2020, I have updated Project 3 - Water Transportation at Giza to reflect the findings of Inspector Merer's papyri and description of Ro-She Khufu. This update is at the end of Project 3.

August 2022

1. Updated Dam Location Reflected in Video - Water & Sand: Construction of the Great Pyramid

2. Dam in the updated video is named Ro-She Khufu

3. Water & Sand - Construction of the Great Pyramid Video is now available in English, German, Spanish, and French

4. In the video - Water & Sand: Construction of the Great Pyramid, the number of workers needed for the second year of construction is incorrect. Please reference Project 1 for the correct number.

5. A Calculation Sheet has been added to Project 1.

6. New Videos now available on Video page

• Bernoulli's equation and application during pyramid construction.

• Sluice Demonstration

• Explains the weight of the stone on the barge